Evidencias médico-científicas del dolor fetal en el primer trimestre del embarazo
Palabras clave:
Dolor fetal, Primer trimestre, NocicepciónResumen
Se ha argumentado que el embrión menor de 12 semanas de gestación (SDG) no experimenta dolor; en esta revisión narrativa se mostrará un análisis de la literatura existente sobre el dolor fetal en las primeras semanas del embarazo, en donde se integraron 44 artículos utilizando palabras claves como: Fetal Pain, Fetus Nociception, Fetal pain in the first trimester, etc. Distintos autores mencionan que el dolor fetal es difícil de evaluar, porque la característica principal necesaria para detectar el dolor «es la capacidad del sujeto de declararlo». Si bien, para esta premisa no existe la evidencia científica para demostrarlo en ese sentido, existen distintos elementos estructurales del desarrollo del sistema nervioso central en el embrión y del feto en el primer trimestre. Por ejemplo, la formación de nervios periféricos a partir de la semana 4 y el desarrollo de la anatomía básica del sistema nervioso central en la semana 6, que nos sugieren que el dolor fetal puede estar presente. Esto bajo el fundamento de que es necesario el desarrollo primario de la corteza cerebral para la percepción del dolor.
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