Modificaciones genéticas y genes objetivo en órganos porcinos para xenotrasplantes: una revisión sistemática
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.62954/1ck0q355Palabras clave:
Xenotrasplante, Edición genética, CRISPR-Cas9, Órganos porcinos, Genes inmunogénicos, TransgénesisResumen
La creciente demanda de órganos viables para trasplante ha superado la oferta disponible, generando una crisis sanitaria mundial. Ante este panorama, el xenotrasplante de órganos porcinos a humanos surge como una alternativa prometedora, aunque enfrenta importantes barreras inmunológicas. El objetivo consistió en identificar y analizar las modificaciones genéticas más relevantes aplicadas a órganos porcinos para su uso en xenotrasplantes, con énfasis en estudios publicados entre 2022 y 2025. Se realizó una revisión sistemática siguiendo la metodología PRISMA 2020, consultando bases de datos como PubMed, SpringerLink y ScienceDirect. Se incluyeron 12 estudios que cumplían con los criterios de inclusión. Los resultados demostraron que las modificaciones más comunes incluyen la eliminación de genes inmunogénicos como GGTA1, CMAH y B4GALNT2, así como la inserción de genes humanos como CD46, CD55, hTBM y CD47, mediante técnicas como CRISPR/Cas9 y clonación somática. Se reportaron trasplantes exitosos de riñón, corazón e hígado en humanos fallecidos y vivos, con tiempos de funcionalidad que oscilaron entre 2 y 49 días, sin rechazo hiperagudo. No obstante, persisten desafíos como la reactivación viral y el riesgo de rechazo crónico. Las modificaciones genéticas en órganos porcinos han permitido avances significativos hacia la viabilidad clínica del xenotrasplante, aunque se requieren estudios a largo plazo que aborden aspectos inmunológicos, éticos y de bioseguridad.
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Derechos de autor 2026 José Armando Méndez Pérez , Guillermo Alvarez Silva, Helen López Hernández , Aranza Jiménez Sánchez (Autor/a)
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0.
