Follow up of 18 patients from the INCICh with pacemaker implantation in three different techniques: epicardial, endocardial and transvenous

Abstract

Pacemaker placement is usually associated with adults. However, it is also a significant problem in pediatric patients. In children, the indications to place a pacemaker permanently are: symptomatic sinus bradycardia, Atrioventricular Block of the second or third degree, and prevention or eradication of arrhythmias. There are three different routes of pacemaker application: the endocardial route, the epicardial route and the transatrial route. There is no history of comparing these to identify the most efficient one. Therefore, our objective is to carry out an analysis of the three so that the medical area considers them and identifies the as the most effective. 18 patients from the «Ignacio Chávez National Institute of Cardiology» (INCICh) were evaluated in a retrospective study from 2011 to 2022. 15 patients were diagnosed with Atrioventricular Block and three with Long QT Interval Syndrome. All patients had pacemakers placed using the three different routes. The most used route was the endocardial route due to the history of efficiency at the institute with a total of eight patients. The rest of the patients weredivided equally. The result showed a positive balance with a total of five deaths, not associated with the placement of the pacemaker. Of the 13 living patients, eight of them presented parameter modifications, three presented implantation mode changes, one presented a complete pacemaker change and the last one did not require any modification.